In 1st person, the writing seems fresh and spontaneous (A), unfiltered through any mind except the narrator's. Of course in fiction, this spontaneity is false, as there is no "first person" except the author, who's making it all up anyway. But in travel writing, first person adds to the reader's experience by making it easy to imagine being the traveler, as the reader feels as if he or she is getting inside the traveler's mind. Paul Theroux is a good example of a travel writer who makes no apparent effort to prevent the reader from living inside his thoughts and actions, be they flattering to Theroux or not.
[Of course, Theroux's "1st person," whom the reader assumes to be Theroux himself, could be a complete fiction; who can say what really goes on in another person's mind? This is a (D) to the reader who wants facts only, or suspects that the narrator's candor is a sham.]
On the (D) side, first person in a novel is strictly limiting. The reader can only understand the plot, setting, mood, theme and writing style as the narrator sees it. If the narrator is lying, or mentally challenged, or emotionally disturbed, then the reader has to play a guessing game to figure out what's really going on.
| Told from the perspective of a person with a very low IQ |
Another (A) of 1st person is the ability to make an emotional connection to the narrator. The Diary of Anne Frank comes to mind. Anne's feelings about her life resonate within the reader--Anne's secret capivity is strange to most readers, but her falling in love is familiar to almost everyone.
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| Anne Frank's joyous, youthful beauty touches hearts |
The (D) of 1st person, however, is that the reader may not be able to identify with the narrator, making the book dull and difficult to read. Many, many autobiographies suffer from this (D); the person may have had a fascinating life, but his or her inability to reach out to the reader will make the book unreadable. Or the narrator is repulsive to many readers: think of Mein Kampf, written in 1st person by Adolf Hitler.
The dilemma of the (A) and (D) of 1st person is the dilemma of all efforts at communication: the challenge of taking what is in one mind (the writer's) and transferring it to another mind (the reader's). This challenge has existential, psychological philosophical, cultural, phemonemological, gender-related, generational, geographical, social, metaphorical, historical, religious, and linguistic dimensions that are simply magnificent--as Basil Fawlty's psychiatrist guest remarked of Fawlty Towers, "There's enough material here for an entire conference." Or for an entire lifetime.
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| Basil Henson as Dr. Abbott |









